Pinealon

Research summary

Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) developed by Vladimir Khavinson's research group, studied in laboratory models for neuroprotective effects, including suppression of reactive-oxygen-species accumulation and modulation of apoptosis-related signaling in neural cells.

In cultured rat cerebellar granule cells, neutrophils and PC12 cells, Pinealon produced dose-dependent suppression of reactive oxygen species and reduced necrotic cell death. In a rat carotid-artery-occlusion model, Pinealon pretreatment modulated post-ischemic behavior and caspase-3 activity, a marker of programmed cell death. Most of this research comes from a single research group with limited independent replication in Western academic literature, and no human trial data were found.

Sources: Rejuvenation Research, 2011; rat ischemia-model studies. Findings from published research —not a claim about this product, and not evidence of safety or effectiveness for human use.