GLP-1, GIP and glucagon-receptor peptides are studied through very different trial programs with different reported outcomes. Here is what the published research shows for each, side by side.
Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist evaluated in large, randomized, placebo-controlled human clinical trials (the STEP program), published in peer-reviewed journals including the New England Journal of Medicine.
Tirzepatide is a synthetic peptide acting as a dual agonist of the GIP and GLP-1 receptors. It has been studied extensively in randomized clinical trials and is FDA-approved under other brand names for specific indications —a regulatory fact noted for research-literature context.
Retatrutide is a synthetic peptide engineered as a triple agonist of the GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors —three hormone pathways involved in appetite and energy metabolism. It's an investigational molecule studied in randomized, placebo-controlled human clinical trials for obesity, not approved for any use as of this writing.
Cagrilintide is a long-acting amylin analog studied in randomized, placebo- and active-controlled human clinical trials, both alone and combined with semaglutide, for effects on body weight in people with overweight or obesity.
This guide summarizes published research findings only — it is not medical advice, a dosing recommendation, or a claim about safety or effectiveness for human use. For Research Purposes Only, Not For Human Consumption.